The structure of thermal insulation materials is usually composed of multiple layers of materials, each of which has its specific functions and effects. The following are some common structures of thermal insulation materials and their functions:
Aerogel felt: Aerogel felt is a new type of thermal insulation material with a porous structure with nanometer-scale pores. It has extremely low thermal conductivity, with a thermal conductivity of 0.018W/(K·m) at room temperature and can drop to 0.009W/(K·m) at low temperatures. Aerogel felt is mostly used for pipe insulation and equipment insulation, and can withstand high temperatures, such as silicon-based aerogel can withstand high temperatures of 650℃-1200℃.
Multilayer thermal insulation materials: In the field of aerospace, multilayer thermal insulation materials are composed of dozens of layers of aluminized film, aluminized polyester film, and aluminized polyimide film. These materials perform well in high-temperature and low-temperature alternating environments and can effectively isolate heat transfer. For example, the surface insulation tile of the space shuttle is a typical application of this multilayer structure.
Ceramic fiber: Ceramic fiber is mainly composed of aluminum oxide and silicon oxide. It has the characteristics of light weight, high temperature resistance (usually can withstand high temperatures of 1000℃-1600℃), low thermal conductivity and good chemical stability. It is widely used in thermal insulation of industrial kilns and high-temperature pipelines.
Rock wool: Rock wool is made of natural rocks such as basalt and diabase by melting and fiberizing, and the maximum use temperature can reach about 650℃. It has good thermal insulation, sound absorption and fire resistance, and is often used for building exterior wall insulation, roof insulation, and thermal insulation of industrial pipelines and storage tanks.
Aluminum silicate fiber: Aluminum silicate fiber is made of hard clay clinker as raw material, melted and sprayed in an electric resistance furnace, and can withstand high temperatures of 1000℃-1400℃. It has good thermal insulation and chemical corrosion resistance, and is often used for thermal insulation and sealing of high-temperature industrial furnaces and heating equipment.
These insulation materials achieve excellent thermal insulation performance through their unique structure and material combination, and are widely used in industries, construction, aerospace and other fields.
